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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Право и управление</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2224-9133</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2224-9133-2026-8-132-137</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Традиционные знания и нематериальное этнокультурное достояние в системе интеллектуальной собственности: глобальные вызовы и направления развития российского правового регулирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Traditional knowledge and intangible ethno-cultural heritage in the intellectual property system: global challenges and directions for the development of russian legal regulation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарёва</surname><given-names>Наталья Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>genresnat@ya.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">кандидат юридических наук, Российская государственная академия интеллектуальной собственности, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-04"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>8</issue><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-19"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-01"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="traditsionnye-znaniya-i-nematerialnoe-etnokulturnoe-dostoyanie-v-sisteme-intellektualnoy-132-137.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена современным проблемам правовой охраны традиционных знаний и нематериального этнокультурного достояния в условиях расширения трансграничного оборота культурных и биотехнологических ресурсов, цифровизации и развития искусственного интеллекта. Обосновывается, что традиционные знания не могут быть полноценно защищены исключительно средствами классического права интеллектуальной собственности, поскольку они имеют коллективную природу, передаются между поколениями, нередко существуют в устной форме и связаны с культурной идентичностью конкретных сообществ. Анализируются международные тенденции и сравнительно-правовые модели Европейского союза, Соединённых Штатов Америки, Китайской Народной Республики и Евразийского экономического союза. Особое внимание уделено Договору ВОИС об интеллектуальной собственности, генетических ресурсах и связанных с ними традиционных знаниях 2024 г., модели должной осмотрительности в праве Европейского союза, американскому механизму защиты достоверности происхождения индейских изделий и перспективам евразийской кооперации. Формулируется вывод о необходимости формирования в России гибридного режима охраны, объединяющего нормы о нематериальном этнокультурном достоянии, институты интеллектуальной собственности, правила доступа, цифровую фиксацию и участие носителей традиционных знаний в принятии решений.
Благодарности, финансирование: Работа выполнена в рамках НИР «Культурное наследие и культурные ценности на евразийском пространстве: правовая охрана и правовая защита интеллектуальных прав» (1-ГЗ-2026).</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article addresses current problems of the legal protection of traditional knowledge and intangible ethno-cultural heritage amid the expanding cross-border circulation of cultural and biotechnological resources, digitalization and the development of artificial intelligence. It argues that traditional knowledge cannot be adequately protected solely by means of conventional intellectual property law, because it is collective in nature, transmitted across generations, frequently exists in oral form and is connected with the cultural identity of particular communities. The article examines international trends and comparative legal models of the European Union, the United States of America, the People’s Republic of China and the Eurasian Economic Union. Particular attention is paid to the 2024 WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge, the European Union’s due‑diligence model, the U.S. mechanism for protecting the authenticity of Indian arts and crafts, and the prospects for Eurasian cooperation. The article concludes that Russia needs a hybrid protection regime combining intangible ethno-cultural heritage rules, intellectual property instruments, access rules, digital documentation and the participation of traditional knowledge holders in decision-making.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>культурное наследие</kwd><kwd>традиционные знания</kwd><kwd>нематериальное этнокультурное достояние</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальная собственность</kwd><kwd>традиционные выражения культуры</kwd><kwd>генетические ресурсы</kwd><kwd>носители традиционных знаний</kwd><kwd>географические указания</kwd><kwd>наименование места происхождения товара</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cultural heritage</kwd><kwd>traditional knowledge</kwd><kwd>intangible ethno-cultural heritage</kwd><kwd>intellectual property</kwd><kwd>traditional cultural expressions</kwd><kwd>genetic resources</kwd><kwd>traditional knowledge holders</kwd><kwd>geographical indications</kwd><kwd>appellations of origin</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">[1] Власова В.Б., Данилина Е.А., Попова П.А. Некоторые проблемы сохранения и правовой охраны традиционных знаний. 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